![\"\"](\"https:\/\/defineisaretleri.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/kaya-mezar.jpg\")
<\/a><\/p>\nEski inan\u0131\u015fa g\u00f6re \u201cmezarlar ne kadar y\u00fcksekte olursa tanr\u0131ya o kadar yak\u0131n olur\u201d d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi krallar\u0131n ve \u00f6nemli insanlar\u0131n mezarlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcksek kayalara kaz\u0131lmas\u0131 gelene\u011fini do\u011furmu\u015f, B\u00f6ylece kayal\u0131k yerlerde kayan\u0131n oyulmas\u0131 suretiyle in\u015fa edilen kaya mezarlar\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli yerlerde g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kaya mezarlar\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131rken, sadece mezar odas\u0131 oyulmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Mezar odas\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan da da\u011f oyularak, mezar da\u011fdan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z hale getirilmi\u015ftir. Bir ki\u015fi rahat\u00e7a mezar\u0131n \u00e7evresinde dola\u015fabilmektedir. Bunun amac\u0131n\u0131n kral\u0131n mezar\u0131na tap\u0131nak havas\u0131 vermek oldu\u011fu san\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kaya mezarlar\u0131yla tarihte ilk kez M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da (MS.2133-1992) kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Anadolu ve Kuzey \u0130ran\u2019da kesin olarak bilinen ilk kaya mezar\u0131 Urartular D\u00f6nemine aittir (M\u00d6.8 ve 7. y\u00fczy\u0131llar). Bunlar aras\u0131nda \u00f6zellikle Urartulara ait olanlar M\u0131s\u0131r’daki \u00f6rneklerle benzerlik g\u00f6steren \u201cTap\u0131nak Mezar\u201d \u015feklindedir.<\/p>\n
Hi\u00e7biri M\u00d6. 4. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n 2. \u00e7eyre\u011finden \u00f6nceye tarihlendirilemeyen kaya mezarlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde en \u00f6nemli grup, \u201ctap\u0131nak cepheli\u201d olanlard\u0131r. Genellikle Ion d\u00fczeninde iki s\u00fctun, bir ar\u015fitrav ve al\u0131nl\u0131k i\u00e7erirler. Revaktan ge\u00e7ilerek mezar odas\u0131na giri\u015fi sa\u011flayan kap\u0131ya gelinir. Mezar odas\u0131, \u00f6l\u00fclerin \u00fczerine yat\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ta\u015f sedirleriyle sade bir mekand\u0131r. Bunlarda yan duvarlar\u0131n aras\u0131ndaki s\u00fctunlar\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201c\u00fc\u00e7gen al\u0131nl\u0131kl\u0131\u201d cephenin gerisinde, basamaklarla \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lan bir \u00f6n oda ve bir kap\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131lan mezar odas\u0131ndan olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Kareye yak\u0131n mezar odalar\u0131n\u0131n arka ve yan duvarlar\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcnde \u00f6l\u00fc yataklar\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Baz\u0131lar\u0131nda sunu sekileri de olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur. Yak\u0131lan \u00f6l\u00fcden arta kalanlar\u0131n i\u00e7ine konuldu\u011fu kaplar\u0131n dik yerle\u015ftirildi\u011fi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ni\u015fler de, tap\u0131nak cephesi bi\u00e7iminde \u015fekillendirilen birer plakayla kapat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yan yana a\u00e7\u0131lan sand\u0131k mezarlar\u0131n uzun yan kenarlar\u0131, genelde y\u00fckseklikleri birbirlerine e\u015fit plaka bloklar\u0131n dik konulmas\u0131yla elde edilmi\u015ftir. Biri ana kayaya cepheli olup dar y\u00fczlerinde ise \u00e7o\u011funlukla tek bir blok olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur ve \u00fczerleri b\u00fcy\u00fck Sal ta\u015flar\u0131yla kapat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (\u00d6\u011f\u00fcn ve I\u015f\u0131k 2001: 163). Sal ta\u015flar\u0131 \u00f6nce toprak bir tabakayla \u00f6rt\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ve bunun da \u00fczeri irili-ufakl\u0131 \u00e7ak\u0131l ta\u015f\u0131yla kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kal\u0131n bir har\u00e7la kaplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu t\u00fcr mezarlar daha \u00e7ok M\u00d6.1. ve MS. 2. y\u00fczy\u0131llar aras\u0131na tarihlendirilmektedir.<\/p>\n
Mezarlar\u0131n g\u00f6m\u00fc odalar\u0131n\u0131n \u201cAh\u015fap ev tipi\u201d formunda yap\u0131lanlar\u0131na da \u00f6zellikle Likya b\u00f6lgesinde rastlanmaktad\u0131r. Bunlar a\u011fa\u00e7 g\u00f6vdelerinden ve hat\u0131llar\u0131ndan olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur; kare \u015feklindeki hat\u0131l u\u00e7lar\u0131 d\u0131\u015far\u0131 do\u011fru \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Kap\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde genel olarak bir s\u0131ra yuvarlak veya kare hat\u0131l ucu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Tap\u0131nak cepheli bu kaya mezar\u0131 tipinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, yine kayaya oyulmu\u015f “g\u00fcvercin yuvas\u0131” ismiyle tan\u0131nan dikd\u00f6rtgen derin \u201coyuk mezarlar\u201d da vard\u0131r. Bunlar kayal\u0131k cephe \u00fczerine daha basit tarzda a\u00e7\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n i\u00e7 d\u00f6\u015femeleri de farkl\u0131d\u0131r: mezarlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7, baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n iki ya da tek yan kanat\u0131nda kline (yatak) olu\u015fturulmu\u015fken baz\u0131lar\u0131nda hi\u00e7 yoktur. \u00c7ok az \u00f6rne\u011fin i\u00e7erisinde \u201csunu sekisi\u201d vard\u0131r. Cepheleri geni\u015f a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f mezarlar iki kanatl\u0131 kap\u0131 bloklar\u0131yla kapat\u0131l\u0131rken, dar olanlar\u0131n giri\u015fleri tek bir kap\u0131 blo\u011fuyla \u00f6rt\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Kaya mezar\u0131 terminoloji i\u00e7erisinde yer alan bir di\u011fer grup da \u201cNi\u015f mezarlar\u201d d\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n sanki katl\u0131 bir apartman\u0131n pencereleri gibi kayalar \u00fczerinde yer ald\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Ni\u015flerin geni\u015fli\u011fi bir ostote\u011fin (kemik muhafazas\u0131) s\u0131\u011faca\u011f\u0131 boyutta, yakla\u015f\u0131k 40-50 cm. kadard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kaya mezarlar\u0131n\u0131n bir\u00e7o\u011fu Roma ve Do\u011fu Roma d\u00f6nemlerinde de tekrar kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ge\u00e7 Antik \u00c7a\u011f\u2019dan bu yana i\u00e7 k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131ndaki tahribat nedeniyle defalarca soyulduklar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir…<\/p>\n