{"id":1684,"date":"2018-10-04T13:36:54","date_gmt":"2018-10-04T10:36:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/defineisaretleri.net\/?p=1684"},"modified":"2018-10-04T13:36:54","modified_gmt":"2018-10-04T10:36:54","slug":"horasan-harci-genel-bilgiler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.xrayburada.com\/?p=1684","title":{"rendered":"Horasan Harc\u0131 Genel Bilgiler"},"content":{"rendered":"

Horasan harc\u0131 olarak bilinen har\u00e7;<\/span>\u00a0<\/b>i\u00e7inde pi\u015firilmi\u015f ve \u00f6\u011f\u00fct\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f toprak \u00fcr\u00fcnleri kat\u0131lan bir malzemedir eski d\u00f6nemlerde yap\u0131 ustalar\u0131n\u0131n, kulland\u0131klar\u0131 malzemelerin mukavemetini artt\u0131rmak i\u00e7in; malzemenin i\u00e7ine yumurta ak\u0131, peynir, re\u00e7ine, pi\u015fmi\u015f toprak gibi katk\u0131 maddeleri katarak meydana getirdikleri s\u00f6ylenirdi ama bunun bilimsel bir de\u011feri yoktur. Tarihte ilk olarak \u00e7amur kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7amurun ard\u0131ndan, Romal\u0131larla birlikte, kire\u00e7 harc\u0131 kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kire\u00e7 harc\u0131ndan sonra, kum kire\u00e7 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7ine pi\u015fmi\u015f kil veya puzolan denilen volkanik t\u00fcf\u00fcn kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ile su kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda sertle\u015fen bir ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 elde edilmi\u015ftir. Tarihi y\u0131\u011fma-kargir yap\u0131larda \u00f6zellikle, Roma, Bizans, Sel\u00e7uklu ve Osmanl\u0131 mimarisinde ise horasan harc\u0131 ad\u0131 verilen ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/p>\n

Roma Betonu;\u00a0<\/b><\/span>Modern betona benzer olup, agrega (kum,\u00e7ak\u0131l,k\u0131rmata\u015f), ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 malzeme ve suyun kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131ndan meydana gelen yapay bir yap\u0131 malzemesidir. Agrega asl\u0131nda \u00e7ak\u0131l, iri ta\u015f-moloz ve tu\u011fla par\u00e7alar\u0131 gibi bir dolgu malzemesidir. Ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 ise, \u0131slak agrega (suland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f) ile kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p, kurudu\u011funda sa\u011flam bir malzeme meydana getirir. Bir \u00e7ok malzeme, hatta \u00e7amur (kil) bile ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 madde olabilir, ve har\u00e7 olarak kullan\u0131labilir. Tarihsel olarak kire\u00e7 veya al\u00e7\u0131ta\u015f\u0131 ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, moloz ta\u015flarla kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p kuvvetli bir har\u00e7 (kire\u00e7 harc\u0131) imal edilmi\u015ftir. Roma\u2019n\u0131n bu temel yap\u0131 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131na katk\u0131s\u0131, birincil ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 olarak, \u0130talya merkezinde bulunan (Baiae yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda ve Vesuvius Da\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n eteklerindeki kentlerin \u00e7evresi) \u00f6zel bir volkanik toz olan Pozzolona\u2019y\u0131 (puzolan)ilave etmesidir. M.\u00d6.150′ lerde ke\u015ffedilen bu malzeme sayesinde Romal\u0131lar su alt\u0131na da har\u00e7 uygulamas\u0131 yapabilmi\u015flerdir. Genellikle kire\u00e7 ile kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan puzolan\u0131n, su alt\u0131ndaki uygulamalarda saf hali kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Puzolan, agrega ile birlikte ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc kuvvetli bir ba\u011f olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. Roma \u0130mp.\u2019nun b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde, benzer volkanik tozlar bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, bu yerlerde yerel malzemeler (al\u00e7\u0131ta\u015f\u0131 veya kire\u00e7) ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Vitruvius harc\u0131 olu\u015fturan ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131, agrega ve su oranlar\u0131n\u0131 ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bi\u00e7imde, kumlar aras\u0131ndaki kalite \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fini de g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne alarak anlatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6nerdi\u011fi kum\/kire\u00e7 oranlar\u0131 \u015fu \u015fekildedir:<\/p>\n

Nehir, kumul ve ocak kumu i\u00e7in : 2\/1; 2\/1 ve 3\/1. \u00c7ak\u0131l par\u00e7alar\u0131 ve k\u0131r\u0131k tu\u011flalar harca eklenirse, kum\/par\u00e7a\/kire\u00e7 oran\u0131 2\/1\/1 olur ve bilinen beton elde edilir. Har\u00e7ta-ki su oran\u0131 ise %15-20, puzolan eklenmesi halinde puzolan\/kire\u00e7 oran\u0131 2\/1 olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu metodun avantaj\u0131n\u0131 temel yap\u0131m\u0131nda ,teras ve \u00f6zellikle de su yap\u0131lar\u0131nda g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015flerdir. R\u0131ht\u0131m duvarlar\u0131, dalgak\u0131ranlar, r\u0131ht\u0131m tesisleri, k\u00f6pr\u00fc ayaklar\u0131 gibi \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck yap\u0131lar in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir. Mozaik tabanlar i\u00e7in dayan\u0131kl\u0131 yataklama harc\u0131 i\u00e7in de puzolandan yararlan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n
\nHorasan A\u00e7ma Y\u00f6ntemleri<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

E\u011fer ta\u015flarla \u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f bir duvarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131l\u0131rsa ve \u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fc ta\u015flar\u0131 birbirine horasan harc\u0131 ile tutturulmu\u015fsa yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekenler s\u0131ras\u0131yla \u015funlard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1-\u00a0<\/span><\/b>H\u00fcrm\u00fczle iyice \u0131s\u0131mas\u0131 gerekiyor, bir t\u00fcp ve H\u00fcrm\u00fcz i\u015fi g\u00f6r\u00fcr, \u0131s\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra ilk \u00f6nce so\u011fuk su d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcr ve so\u011futulur ard\u0131ndan tekrar \u0131s\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r, y\u00fcksek derece de \u0131s\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra ikinciye sirkeyi iyice yedirerek d\u00f6keceksin, ve yar\u0131m saat bekleyeceksin, sonra balyozla duvar a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya indirilir, bu kayadan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve horasanla kayalar\u0131n birbirine tutturulmu\u015f hali i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erlidir.
\n
\n2-<\/span><\/b>\u00a0E\u011fer horasan harc\u0131na \u00e7ok dar bir alanda rastlam\u0131\u015fsa rutubete kar\u015f\u0131 dayan\u0131kl\u0131 bir form\u00fclle yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, yoksa dar alanlarda uzun s\u00fcreli kalmazd\u0131, onun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7in ise horasanl\u0131 b\u00f6lgeye saf alkol d\u00f6k\u00fclecek ve bir iki saat beklenecek, sonra h\u00fcrm\u00fczle \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lacak ve \u00e7eki\u00e7le k\u0131r\u0131lacak dar alanlar i\u00e7in \u00e7ok etkilidir.<\/b><\/p>\n

3-<\/span>\u00a0Yerde kapak veya kaplama horasan harc\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7mek en zorlar\u0131ndand\u0131r , bunun birka\u00e7 yolu var, \u00f6ncelikle saf limon suyu haz\u0131rlanacak, haz\u0131r konsantre kesinlikle olmayacak ve \u00f6nceden de s\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmayacak, limonlar yerinde kesilecek ve suyu orada s\u0131k\u0131lacak, s\u0131k\u0131l\u0131p \u00fcretilen oran kadar e\u015fit d\u00fczeyde sirke haz\u0131rlanacak, ve ikisini kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131racaks\u0131n, bu kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131n d\u00f6tte biri kadar oranda da saf alkol ve ayn\u0131 oranda iyotsuz tuz bu na eklenecek, bu toplam kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 horasan\u0131n \u00fczerine d\u00f6kt\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde oradan uzakla\u015fman gerekiyor, ortalama 3 saat sonra 56-60 cm i\u00e7eriye girilebilir duruma gelir, daha da kal\u0131nsa tekrar ayn\u0131 uygulama yap\u0131lacak.<\/b><\/p>\n

\u0130kinci se\u00e7enek, bir plastik kovan\u0131n i\u00e7ine 4 litre i\u00e7ilebilir su koyulacak ve i\u00e7ine 1 kg toz \u015feker 1 kg tuz 1 litre elma sirkesi koyup 10 dakika kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lacak, horasanl\u0131 b\u00f6lgeye d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcp ortalama 7-8 saat beklenmesi gerekiyor, sonra kum gibi d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcr, Sonu\u00e7 kesin.<\/p>\n

\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc se\u00e7enek, horasanl\u0131 b\u00f6lgeye ortalama 15 kg toz \u015fekeri e\u015fit bir \u015fekilde y\u00fczeye yayacaks\u0131n, sonra \u00fcst\u00fcne sirke yava\u015f bir \u015fekilde d\u00f6k\u00fclecek, bunun \u00fczerine de 3-4 cm toprak d\u00f6k\u00fclecek, 1 g\u00fcn bekletilecek, a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yumu\u015fac\u0131k bir \u00f6rg\u00fc ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015facaks\u0131n.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Horasan harc\u0131 olarak bilinen har\u00e7;\u00a0i\u00e7inde pi\u015firilmi\u015f ve \u00f6\u011f\u00fct\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f toprak \u00fcr\u00fcnleri kat\u0131lan bir malzemedir eski d\u00f6nemlerde yap\u0131 ustalar\u0131n\u0131n, kulland\u0131klar\u0131 malzemelerin mukavemetini<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[98,87],"tags":[128],"class_list":["post-1684","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-definecilik","category-mezar-bilgileri","tag-horasan-harci"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.xrayburada.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1684","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.xrayburada.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.xrayburada.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.xrayburada.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.xrayburada.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1684"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.xrayburada.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1684\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.xrayburada.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1684"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.xrayburada.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1684"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.xrayburada.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1684"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}